rɨgɨɗ ʸ nm. bow arc (12 groups, 36 languages) A
This word denotes the bow used for hunting or warfare. There was a regular change *r→l in the groups of the North sub-branch and Cuvok. Here we also find /l/ in Mafa where /r/ is expected. The *g has the reflex *k in Proto-Mafa, Proto-Mandara and Proto-Maroua. It has the reflex *ɣ in Proto-Lamang, and has been lost in Proto-Tera and Proto-Sukur, possibly following an earlier *g→ɣ. These are unestablished changes. *ɗ has been lost in most groups. This may be due to interaction with the palatalisation prosody, i.e. *ɗ ʸ→j, with *j being lost or reanalysed in some groups. This is a common sporadic process.
1Proto-Bata *ragɨ bow arc 1.1) Bata (Boyd) ràgé bow 1.2) Gude (Hoskinson) ràgá -ə bow 1.3) Jimi (Djibi) ragən Arc
2Proto-Mafa *lakaɗ ʸ, lalaŋ bow arc 2.1) Mafa (Barreteat) lekeɗ arc 2.2) Cuvok (Gravina) lalaŋ bow (hunting) arc (de chasse)
3Proto-Tera *ri bow arc 3.1) Tera (Newman) ri bow 3.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ri bow (hunting)
4Proto-Sukur *raj bow arc 4.1) Sukur (David) raj bow 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) rai bow: is to used with arrow for shooting things of people.
5Proto-Hurza *lɨga ʸ bow arc 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) liᵑge bow arc 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) lə́ká bow ; arch arc
6Proto-Margi *laga bow arc 6.1) Bura (Blench) làlì Bow (weapon) 6.2) Margi (Hoffman) laga bow 6.3) Margi South (Harley) lagga bow 6.4) Kilba (Schuh) laga bow
7Proto-Mandara *lika bow arc 7.1) Matal (Branger) ālàk bow arc 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) liká,-a arc 7.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) elke arc (m) 7.4) Malgwa (Löhr) əlke bow 7.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) làːːʁa bow (hunting)
8Proto-Mofu *hɨlɨgɨɗ ʸ bow arc 8.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) àlàk bow arc 8.2) Mada (Nkoumou) elekeɗ/elegeɗ arc 8.3) Moloko (Friesen) meᵑgelek bow arc 8.4) Zulgo (Haller) lìkíɗ arc m. 8.5) Gemzek (Sabatai) halaŋ bow (hunting) arc (de chasse) 8.6) Merey (Gravina) lalaŋ arc 8.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) həlek bow (hunting) arc (de chasse) 8.8) Mofu North (Barreteau) lálàŋ arc 8.9) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) leléŋ arc 8.9.1) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) leléŋ humidité (après la pluie)
9Proto-Maroua *halak ʸ bow arc 9.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) helek bow (hunting) arc (de chasse) 9.2) Mbazla (Tourneux) helek arc
10Proto-Lamang *lɨɣeɗ bow arc 10.1) Lamang (Wolff) leɣe bow 10.2) Hdi (Bramlett) ləɣeɗ bow l'arc
11Proto-Higi *lɨgɨj bow arc 11.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) lìgjí Bow 11.1.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) ligji bow 11.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) regi bow (for hunting) 11.3) Bana (Lienhard) rə̀gì arc (pour chasser)
12Proto-Musgum *gɨⁿdɨlɨŋ ʸ bow arc 12.1) Mbara (Tourneux) giⁿdiliŋ bow
This word denotes the bow used for hunting or warfare. There was a regular change *r→l in the groups of the North sub-branch and Cuvok. Here we also find /l/ in Mafa where /r/ is expected. The *g has the reflex *k in Proto-Mafa, Proto-Mandara and Proto-Maroua. It has the reflex *ɣ in Proto-Lamang, and has been lost in Proto-Tera and Proto-Sukur, possibly following an earlier *g→ɣ. These are unestablished changes. *ɗ has been lost in most groups. This may be due to interaction with the palatalisation prosody, i.e. *ɗ ʸ→j, with *j being lost or reanalysed in some groups. This is a common sporadic process.
1Proto-Bata *ragɨ bow arc 1.1) Bata (Boyd) ràgé bow 1.2) Gude (Hoskinson) ràgá -ə bow 1.3) Jimi (Djibi) ragən Arc
2Proto-Mafa *lakaɗ ʸ, lalaŋ bow arc 2.1) Mafa (Barreteat) lekeɗ arc 2.2) Cuvok (Gravina) lalaŋ bow (hunting) arc (de chasse)
3Proto-Tera *ri bow arc 3.1) Tera (Newman) ri bow 3.2) Nyimatli (Harley) ri bow (hunting)
4Proto-Sukur *raj bow arc 4.1) Sukur (David) raj bow 4.2) Sukur (Thomas) rai bow: is to used with arrow for shooting things of people.
5Proto-Hurza *lɨga ʸ bow arc 5.1) Mbuko (Gravina) liᵑge bow arc 5.2) Vame (Kinnaird) lə́ká bow ; arch arc
6Proto-Margi *laga bow arc 6.1) Bura (Blench) làlì Bow (weapon) 6.2) Margi (Hoffman) laga bow 6.3) Margi South (Harley) lagga bow 6.4) Kilba (Schuh) laga bow
7Proto-Mandara *lika bow arc 7.1) Matal (Branger) ālàk bow arc 7.2) Podoko (Swackhammer) liká,-a arc 7.3) Mandara (Fluckiger) elke arc (m) 7.4) Malgwa (Löhr) əlke bow 7.5) Glavda (Nghagyiva) làːːʁa bow (hunting)
8Proto-Mofu *hɨlɨgɨɗ ʸ bow arc 8.1) Ouldeme (Kinnaird) àlàk bow arc 8.2) Mada (Nkoumou) elekeɗ/elegeɗ arc 8.3) Moloko (Friesen) meᵑgelek bow arc 8.4) Zulgo (Haller) lìkíɗ arc m. 8.5) Gemzek (Sabatai) halaŋ bow (hunting) arc (de chasse) 8.6) Merey (Gravina) lalaŋ arc 8.7) Dugwor (Jubumna) həlek bow (hunting) arc (de chasse) 8.8) Mofu North (Barreteau) lálàŋ arc 8.9) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) leléŋ arc 8.9.1) Mofu-Gudur (Hollingsworth) leléŋ humidité (après la pluie)
9Proto-Maroua *halak ʸ bow arc 9.1) Giziga Marva (Hamidou) helek bow (hunting) arc (de chasse) 9.2) Mbazla (Tourneux) helek arc
10Proto-Lamang *lɨɣeɗ bow arc 10.1) Lamang (Wolff) leɣe bow 10.2) Hdi (Bramlett) ləɣeɗ bow l'arc
11Proto-Higi *lɨgɨj bow arc 11.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) lìgjí Bow 11.1.1) Kamwe-Nkafa (Harley) ligji bow 11.2) Kamwe-Futu (Harley) regi bow (for hunting) 11.3) Bana (Lienhard) rə̀gì arc (pour chasser)
12Proto-Musgum *gɨⁿdɨlɨŋ ʸ bow arc 12.1) Mbara (Tourneux) giⁿdiliŋ bow
